Thermal decomposition of basic cobalt and copper carbonates

Basic cobalt and copper carbonates were prepared by precipitation from solutions of their nitrates using KHCO₃ at room temperature in CO₂ atmosphere. The thermal decomposition of the prepared basic carbonates was studied by means of TG and DTA techniques and the phases produced were identified by XRD measurements. The products obtained at 400C were subjected to different doses of gamma-rays (40–160 M rad) and the thermal stabilities of these solids were investigated.The results obtained revealed that basic cobalt carbonate decomposed at 335C to produce Co₃O₄ which remained stable up to 850 and then decomposed above this temperature giving CoO which transformed into Co₃O₄ on cooling to room temperature. Basic copper carbonate dissociated at 290C yielding CuO which yielded Cu₂O and metallic copper at 1060 and 1150C, respectively. However, the produced cuprous oxide and metallic copper solids were converted into CuO and CU₂O, respectively by cooling in air to room temperature.Gamma-irradiation decreased the thermal stability of Co₃O₄ to an extent proportional to the dose employed. On the other hand, this treatment increased the thermal stability of both CuO and Cu₂O.     

The synthesis and ligand properties of the dihydro-bis-(1-indazolyl)borate anion

Summary Potassium dihydro-bis-(1-indazolyl)borate, synthesized from potassium borohydride and indazole, has been used as a reagent to yield complexes with copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II), manganese(II) and iron(III) ions. From i.r. spectral studies the ligand is uninegative and bidentate and coordination occurs through the nitrogen atom at position 2 of the indazole ring system in all cases. With the sole exception of the copper(II) complex, the nitrogen atom at position 1 is also involved in forming a bridge with an adjacent metal ion. On the basis of electronic spectral studies and magnetic susceptibility measurements a distorted square planar structure involving chlorine bridges has been proposed for the copper complex. An octahedral geometry with ligand bridges for all complexes is tentatively proposed and it appears that all are polymers.     

Synthesis and tautomeric structure of 2-[N-aryl-2-oxo-2-arylethanehydrazonoyl]-6-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinones

Two series of 2-(N-aryl-2-oxo-2-arylethanehydrazonoyl)-6-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinones 11 (12) were prepared by coupling of diazotized anilines with 2-(aroylmethylene)-1,2-dihydro-6-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinones 2 (3). The spectral data of such compounds together with their 3-methyl analogs 13 (14) indicated that they exist predominantly in the hydrazone tautomeric form.     

Hyperfine structure studies of Tantalum

A narrow bandwidth ring dye laser pumped by an argon ion laser has been used to investigate the hyperfine structure of the even and odd parity levels of tantalum by optogalvanic spectroscopy in the wavelength range 5640 to 6050 Å. Seventeen transitions have been observed and eight of these have not been reported in the literature so far. These transitions involve 27 levels with 15 odd and 12 even parity configurations. The magnetic dipole hyperfine interaction constants A and the electric quadrupole interaction constants B for these levels have been computed and compared with the data available in literature. The results for the levels at 34799.71 cm^?1, 26960.46 cm^?1 and 19657.78 cm^?1 are reported for the first time.     

HPTLC Procedure for Determination of Levonorgestrel in the Drug-Release Media of an In-situ-Forming Delivery System

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

Solvent extraction of lanthanum(III), europium(III) and lutetium(III) with fluorinated 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolones into chloroform

A series of chelating reagents, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-5-pyrazolone, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(3-fluorobenzoyl)-5-pyrazolone and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-5-pyrazolone, has been synthesized. The extraction of Ln(III), (Ln = La, Eu and Lu) into chloroform with these reagents at 30 +/- 1 degrees has been studied. The composition of the complexes extracted has been determined by the slope method, and the extraction constants K(ex), were measured. The presence of the fluorine atom in the reagents does not make the K(ex), values much different from those obtained with the parent pyrazolone.     

Chemical, sensory and microbiological changes of gamma irradiated coconut cream powder

A study was carried out to determine optimum decontamination dose for a locally manufactured coconut cream powder. Samples were gamma irradiated (0–15 kGy) and ageing process was achieved using GEER oven at 60 °C for 7 days, which is equivalent to one-year storage at room temperature. Iodine value (IV), ranging from 4.8 to 6.4, was not affected by radiation doses and storage, however peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) generally increased with radiation doses. In most samples, peroxide value (meq/kg) reduced after storage, whilst the TBA (mg malonaldehyde/kg), indicator for product quality, slightly increased. The sensory evaluation conducted using 25 taste panellists indicated that scores on odour, creamy taste and overall acceptance for all irradiated samples at more than 5 kGy were significantly lower (P<0.05) than the control. However, the panellists could not detect any significant differences among the irradiation doses (P>0.05). All stored products were significantly different in colour, creamy taste, odour and overall acceptance (P<0.05) when compared to the non-stored non-irradiated control. Microbiological count of the samples prior to irradiation was in the range of 1×10²–1.7×10³ cfu/g with no detection of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. No microbial colonies were detected after irradiation. Based on the TBA and overall sensory acceptance, gamma irradiation of 5 kGy was found to be the optimum dose and lower doses can be considered to decontaminate coconut cream powder.     

Glycol-based sol-gel process for the fabrication of ferroelectric PZT thin films

A new sol-gel system using ethylene glycol was developed for the fabrication of PZT thin films with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃. Ethylene glycol was used as both a chelating agent and a solvent to replace the highly toxic methoxyethanol used in previous formulations. Thin films were deposited by spin coating the solutions onto platinized silicon substrates. Films were completely crystallized by about 600°C and contained the ferroelectric perovskite phase. A dielectric constant of about 750–800 at 1 KHz was obtained for thin films of 0.3 µm thickness. The hysteresis measurements revealed a remanent polarization of 15 mC/cm² with a coercive field of 60 kV/cm.     

Mn(Ⅱ)和Ce(Ⅳ)离子对铬酸氧化乳酸的影响

The kinetics and mechanism of lactic acid oxidation in the presence of Mn(II)and Ce(IV)ions by chromic acid were studied spectrophotometrically.The oxidation of lactic acid by Cr(VI)was found to proceed in two measurable steps,both of which gave pyruvic acid as the primary product in the absence of Mn(II).2Cr(VI) 2CH3CHOHCOOH→2CH3COCOOH Cr(V) Cr(III)Cr(V) CH3CHOHCOOH→Cr(III) CH3COCOOH The observed kinetics was explained due to the catalytic and inhibitory effects of Mn(II)and Ce(IV)on the lactic acid oxidation by Cr(VI).The reactivity of lactic acid depends upon the experimental conditions.It acts as a two-or three-equivalent reducing agent in the absence or presence of Mn(II).It was examined that Cr(III)products resulting from the direct reduction of Cr(VI)by three-equivalent reducing agents.The oxidation of lactic acid follows the complex order kinetics with respect to [lactic acid].The activation parameters Ea,ΔH#,and ΔS# were calculated and discussed.     

Calculated electronic spectra of model ferric cytochrome P450 complexes

Restricted open-shell ground state properties and electronic spectra of two closely related low-spin, ferric, 6-coordinate, model cytochrome P450 complexes, one with a methyl mercaptide and the other a mercaptan as the second axial ligands, have been calculated with a newly modified, semiempirical INDO-SCF-CI method. The sensitivity of the calculated spectra to protonation of the sixth axial ligand, and the ability of the method to predict characteristic spectral features for the complexes investigated, are determined. Assignment of transitions, including xy- and z-polarized transitions, are made and compared with experimental observations where available. In particular, the origin of the anomalous split Soret spectrum observed in low-spin ferric complexes with mercaptide but not a mercaptan is investigated. Finally, a two part hypothesis is presented which provides a general explanation for the origin of both the observed split Soret and the red-shifted normal Soret in various ferrous and ferric P450 complexes in terms of the ground state orbital characters and simple symmetry considerations.